1 让自己习惯c++

accustoming yourself to c++

01：视c++ 为一个语言联邦

view c++ as a federation of languages

02：尽量以const, enum, inline替换 #define

prefer consts,enums, and inlines to #defines

03：尽可能使用const

use const whenever possible

04：确定对象被使用前已先被初始化

make sure that objects are initialized before they're used

2 构造/析构/赋值运算

constructors, destructors, and assignment operators

05：了解c++ 默默编写并调用哪些函数

know what functions c++ silently writes and calls

06：若不想使用编译器自动生成的函数，就该明确拒绝

explicitly disallow the use of compiler-generated functions you do not want

07：为多态基类声明virtual析构函数

declare destructors virtual in polymorphic base classes

08：别让异常逃离析构函数

prevent exceptions from leaving destructors

09：绝不在构造和析构过程中调用virtual函数

never call virtual functions during construction or destruction

10：令operator= 返回一个reference to *this

have assignment operators return a reference to *this

11：在operator= 中处理“自我赋值”

handle assignment to self in operator=

12：复制对象时勿忘其每一个成分

copy all parts of an object

3 资源管理

resource management

13：以对象管理资源

use objects to manage resources

14：在资源管理类中小心copying行为

think carefully about copying behavior in resource-managing classes

15：在资源管理类中提供对原始资源的访问

provide access to raw resources in resource-managing classes

16：成对使用new和delete时要采取相同形式

use the same form in corresponding uses of new and delete

17：以独立语句将newed对象置入智能指针

store newed objects in smart pointers in standalone statements

4 设计与声明

designs and declarations

18：让接口容易被正确使用，不易被误用

make interfaces easy to use correctly and hard to use incorrectly

19：设计class犹如设计type

treat class design as type design

20：宁以pass-by-reference-to-const替换pass-by-value

prefer pass-by-reference-to-const to pass-by-value

21：必须返回对象时，别妄想返回其reference

don't try to return a reference when you must return an object

22：将成员变量声明为private

declare data members private

23：宁以non-member、non-friend替换member函数

prefer non-member non-friend functions to member functions

24：若所有参数皆需类型转换，请为此采用non-member函数

declare non-member functions when type conversions should apply to all parameters

25：考虑写出一个不抛异常的swap函数

consider support for a non-throwing swap

5 实现

implementations

26：尽可能延后变量定义式的出现时间

postpone variable definitions as long as possible

27：尽量少做转型动作

minimize casting

28：避免返回handles指向对象内部成分

avoid returning "handles" to object internals

29：为“异常安全”而努力是值得的

strive for exception-safe code

30：透彻了解inlining的里里外外

understand the ins and outs of inlining

31：将文件间的编译依存关系降至最低

minimize compilation dependencies between files

6 继承与面向对象设计

inheritance and object-oriented design

32：确定你的public继承塑模出is-a关系

make sure public inheritance models "is-a "

33：避免遮掩继承而来的名称

avoid hiding inherited names

34：区分接口继承和实现继承

differentiate between inheritance of interface and inheritance of implementation

35：考虑virtual函数以外的其他选择

consider alternatives to virtual functions

36：绝不重新定义继承而来的non-virtual函数

never redefine an inherited non-virtual function

37：绝不重新定义继承而来的缺省参数值

never redefine a function's inherited default parameter value

38：通过复合塑模出has-a或"根据某物实现出"

model "has-a" or "is-implemented-in-terms-of" through composition

39：明智而审慎地使用private继承

use private inheritance judiciously

40：明智而审慎地使用多重继承

use multiple inheritance judiciously

7 模板与泛型编程

templates and generic programming

41：了解隐式接口和编译期多态

understand implicit interfaces and compile-time polymorphism

42：了解typename的双重意义

understand the two meanings of typename

43：学习处理模板化基类内的名称

know how to access names in templatized base classes

44：将与参数无关的代码抽离templates

factor parameter-independent code out of templates

45：运用成员函数模板接受所有兼容类型

use member function templates to accept "all compatible types "

46：需要类型转换时请为模板定义非成员函数

define non-member functions inside templates when type conversions are desired

47：请使用traits classes表现类型信息

use traits classes for information about types

48：认识template元编程

be aware of template metaprogramming

8 定制new和delete

customizing new and delete

49：了解new-handler的行为

understand the behavior of the new-handler

50：了解new和delete的合理替换时机

understand when it makes sense to replace new and delete

51：编写new和delete时需固守常规

adhere to convention when writing new and delete

52：写了placement new也要写placement delete

write placement delete if you write placement new

9 杂项讨论

miscellany

53：不要轻忽编译器的警告

pay attention to compiler warnings

54：让自己熟悉包括tr1在内的标准程序库

familiarize yourself with the standard library, including tr1

55：让自己熟悉boost

familiarize yourself with boost